Chapter 5: Routing Basics in Python

Static routes and the trie router explained. In this chapter, you will learn routing basics in depth with Python code examples, explanations, and best practices.

Overview

This chapter covers routing basics for Kungfu.js developers using Python. We will start with the basics, move through practical examples, and end with advanced techniques and common pitfalls.

Why This Matters

Understanding routing basics is essential because it is a core part of building web applications. Every real-world app needs to handle static routes and the trie router explained. Skipping this chapter would leave a gap in your knowledge that would cause problems later.

Code Example

Here is how routing works in Python:

// Static route
app.get('/', (req) => { ... });

// Path parameter: /users/42
app.get('/users/:id', (req) => {
    const id = req.param('id'); // "42"
});

// Wildcard: /assets/css/app.css
app.get('/assets/*path', (req) => {
    const path = req.param('path'); // "css/app.css"
});

// Query string: /search?q=rust&limit=10
app.get('/search', (req) => {
    const q = req.query('q'); // "rust"
    const limit = req.query('limit'); // "10"
});

How It Works

The router uses a trie data structure. Each segment of the URL path becomes a node in the tree. When a request comes in, the router walks the tree segment by segment. This is much faster than checking every route one by one.

For example, if you register /users/:id and a request comes in for /users/42, the router:

1. Starts at the root node
2. Moves to the "users" child node
3. Sees a parameter node ":id" and captures "42" as the id parameter
4. Calls your handler with req.param("id") equal to "42"

Common Mistakes

• Not reading the documentation: Always check the API reference when something does not work as expected.
• Skipping security: Never disable the default middleware unless you have a very good reason. Security is not optional.
• Not testing: Write tests for your handlers. Kungfu.js makes this easy with the built-in test utilities.

Summary

In this chapter, you learned about routing basics in Python. You saw code examples, understood how things work under the hood, and learned about common mistakes to avoid.

What is Next?

In chapter 6, we will cover Path Parameters: Capture dynamic values from URLs.